Friday, August 9, 2013
The periodic table of chemical elements hangs in our chemistry classrooms and in science laboratories worldwide. Yet many people don’t actually know the basic things about periodic table.
Brief Factsabout Periodic Table is that the periodic table of the chemical elements is a tabular method of portraying the chemical elements. Although precursors to this table exist, its invention is generally credited to Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleevin 1869. Mendeleev planned the table to illustrate recurring ("periodic") trends in the properties of the elements. The layout of the table has been advanced and extended over time, as new elements have been discovered, and more theoretical models have been new to explain chemical behavior.
Characterization of an element in periodic table Atomic number is determined by the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. It is a character of an atom that let us easily identify whether it’s conductor, semi-conductor or insulator. The average atomic mass of an element is the sum of the masses of its isotopes each multiplied by its natural abundance. Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element such that, while all isotopes of a given element share the same number of protons and electrons, each isotope differs from the others in its number of neutrons.
Ununnium a new born element that has 119 as it’s atomic number, has a temporary symbol Uue and has a name. To date, attempted syntheses of this element have been unsuccessful. Since it is below the alkali metals it might have properties similar to those of francium or caesium and thus be extremely reactive with water and air (though relativistic might make it less reactive than francium and caesium). A predicted oxidation state is +1; however, unlike all the other alkali metals, it is also predicted to show the +3 oxidation state.Ununennium would be the first element in the eighth period of the periodic table.
Unbinilium also called eka-radium or element 120, is the temporary, systematic element name of a hypothetical chemical element in the periodic table that has the temporary symbol Ubn and has the atomic number 120. Since unbinilium should be placed below thealkaline earth metals it possibly has properties similar to those of radium or barium. Found in the right side of element 119.
The symbol of an element is determined by three ways. The first letter of the name of element is taken as symbol e.g.:Oxygen-O, Hydrogen-H, and Nitrogen-N. The first two letters are taken as symbol where the first letter is the capital and the second will be small e.g.; Helium-He, Calcium- Ca,Fluorine-Fl. In the last rule the symbols are taken from the Latin names for e.g.:sodium in Latin called Natrium its symbol will be Na; Gold in Latin called Aurum its symbol is Au, Iron in Latin is called Ferrum and its symbol is Fe.
A number of elements are found in their elemental form as diatomic molecules. In these molecules, two atoms are joined by one or more covalent bonds, forming a molecule with the general formula X2. Diatomic Elements - Hydrogen (H2), Nitrogen (N2), Oxygen (O2), Fluorine (F2), Chlorine (Cl2), Iodine (I2),and Bromine (Br2).
Groups in The Periodic Table
Group
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Called
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Characteristics
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Group 1A
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Alkali Family
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Hydrogen is not a member. Good conductors of heat and electricity, very reactive, only 1 valence electron, most reactive metals, never found in nature uncombined.
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Group 2A
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Alkaline Earth
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Very reactive only 2 valence electrons
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Group 3A
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Boron Family
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3 valence electrons composed of a metalloid and metal, aluminum is important because it is light, strong, and does not corrode
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Group 4A
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Carbon Family
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4 valence electrons composed of 1 nonmetal, 2 metals, 3 metalloids, carbon forms 5 million compounds and is called “basis of life”.
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Group 5A
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Nitrogen Family
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5 valence electrons, tend to share electrons, nitrogen is the most abundant element in the earth’s atmosphere.
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Group 6A
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Oxygen Family
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6 valence electrons, tend to share electrons, oxygen is the most abundant element in the earth’s crust.
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Group 7A
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Halogen Family
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7 valence electrons, most reactive, never found uncombined in nature halogens combined in nature, halogens combined with metals from salts.
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Group 8A
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Noble Gasses
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Normally unreactive, also called inert gases, 8 valence electrons filled outer shell.
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Group 1B-8B
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Transition Metals
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Largest group on periodic table, good conductors of heat and electricity, compounds with these elements are usually brightly colored, most have 1 or 2 valence electrons.
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Group found in the bottom of the Periodic Table
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Rare Earth Elements
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Lanthanides, soft malleable metals, high luster
Conductivity Actinides are radioactive.
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